Evidence about public-health measures
The COVID-END inventory is no longer being updated. Below we provide the ‘best’ living evidence syntheses currently available as of January 2024 (i.e., the highest quality, most regularly updated living evidence syntheses) about COVID-19 public-health measures. All other evidence syntheses can be found in the searchable COVID-END inventory of evidence syntheses, which is organized using the COVID-END taxonomy of decisions.
| Topic addressed | Criteria for 'best evidence synthesis' | Details to support relevance assessment | Additional decision-relevant details | Citation | ||||
| Date of last search | Quality (AMSTAR) rating | Evidence-certainty (e.g., GRADE) assessment available | Key findings | Living evidence synthesis | Type of synthesis | Type of question | ||
| Effectiveness of vaccines in adults, children and over longer time horizons | 2022-09-14 | 8/9 | No | Rather than provide a high-level summary of the key findings from this complex synthesis addressing the effectiveness of available vaccines in general and specifically for variants of concern , we encourage readers to look directly at the full review or to the rows in the second table below | No | Rapid review | Benefits and harms | Iorio A, Little J, Linkins L, Abdelkader W, Bennett D, Lavis JN. COVID-19 living evidence synthesis #6 (version 6.41): What is the efficacy and effectiveness of available COVID-19 vaccines in general and specifically for variants of concern? Hamilton: Health Information Research Unit;2022. |
| 2023-03-29 | 8/9 | Yes | Rather than provide a high-level summary of the key findings from this complex synthesis addressing the effectiveness of available vaccines for children and adolescents, we encourage readers to look directly at the full review or to the rows in the second table below | Yes (row content last checked on 2023-12-31) | Rapid review | Benefits and harms | Flórez ID, Velásquez-Salazar P, Martínez JC, Linkins L, Abdelkader W, Iorio A, Lavis J, Patiño-Lugo DF. COVID-19 living evidence synthesis #8 (version 22): What is the effectiveness of available COVID-19 vaccines for children and adolescents, including variants of concern? Evidence and Deliberation Unit for Decision Making (UNED), University of Antioquia & Health Information Research Unit (HIRU), McMaster University, 29 March 2023. | |
| 2023-03-29 | 8/9 | No | Evidence suggests insufficient protection against COVID-19 infection produced by the Omicron variant of concern immediately after receiving a booster dose or a primary vaccine series with no decrease in vaccine effectiveness up to 32 weeks (although immunity produced by adenovirus vaccines tend to wane before mRNA vaccines), while vaccine effectiveness against hospitalization was reported to be reduced after 20 weeks of receiving a primary vaccine series or a booster shot; there may be a stable benefit up to 16 weeks of having two boosters compared to one or full-schedule vaccine in terms of COVID-19 infections | Yes (row content last checked on 2023-12-31) | Rapid review | Benefits and harms | Bacon SL, Wu N, Joyal-Desmarais K, Vieira AM, Sanuade C, Ribeiro PAB, Yip D, Stojanovic J. COVID-19 living evidence synthesis #10 (version 10.16): What is the long-term effectiveness of available COVID-19 vaccines for adults, including for variants of concern and over time frames beyond 112 days in those with a primary series and beyond 84 days in those with a primary series and an additional dose? The Montreal Behavioural Medicine Centre, META group, 29 March 2023. | |
| Testing and seroprevalence | 2021-09-10 | 10/11 | No | The diagnostic accuracy of antigen rapid diagnostic tests for COVID-19 has been estimated at 71.2% sensitivity and 98.9% specificity, and is particularly high with viral loads (usually when the test is performed during the first week of illness) [Review of studies of variable quality and important heterogeneity among some of their findings]
| Yes (row content last checked on 2023-12-31) | Full review | Test accuracy | Brümmer LE, Katzenschlager S, McGrath S, Schmitz S, Gaeddert M, et al. The accuracy of novel antigen rapid diagnostics for SARS-CoV-2: a living systematic review and meta-analysis. PLOS Medicine. 2022;19(5):e1004011 |
| 2023-09-25 | 8/11 | No | See the interactive map of the global seroprevalence here | Yes (row content last checked on 2023-12-31) | Full review | Other | Bobrovitz N, Arora RK, Cao C, Boucher E, Liu M, Rahim H, et al. Global seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies: A systematic review and meta-analysis. medRxiv. 2022. | |
| Masks and other PPE | 2023-02-01 | 6/9 | No | Low-to-moderate-quality evidence showed that wearing masks in community settings might be effective in reducing COVID-19 transmission (using either surgical or N95 mask) and the effects of compliance are uncertain; in routine patient care settings, the potential beneficial effect of using N95 respirators versus no masks or other masks cannot be ruled out | Yes (row content last checked on 2023-12-31) | Rapid review | Benefits and harms | Chou R, Dana T. Major Update: Masks for Prevention of SARS-CoV-2 in Health Care and Community Settings—Final Update of a Living, Rapid Review. Annals of Internal Medicine. 2023. |
| 2021-10-24 | 6/10 | No | Using PPE was found to be the strongest factor associated with reducing risk of coronavirus infection among healthcare workers, while wearing two filtering facepiece masks was associated with a reduced risk of COVID-19 infection, when compared to a single surgical mask [Review of observational studies] | Yes (row content last checked on 2023-12-31) | Rapid review | Benefits and harms | Chou R, Dana T, Buckley DI, Selph S, Fu R, Totten AM. Update alert 10: Epidemiology of and risk factors for coronavirus infection in health care workers. Annals of Internal Medicine. 2021. | |
Because the searchable COVID-END inventory is organized at the level of an evidence synthesis, we provide below an additional ‘way in’ to the evidence syntheses addressing vaccine effectiveness. Specifically, we summarize what’s known at the level of each individual vaccine (e.g., Pfizer/BioNtech/Comirnaty), drawing on the first evidence synthesis in the table above.
| Broad and specific decisions | Criteria for 'best evidence synthesis' | Details to support relevance assessment | Additional decision-relevant details | Citation | ||||||
| Date of last search | Quality (AMSTAR) rating | Evidence-certainty (e.g., GRADE) assessment available | Key findings | Living evidence synthesis | Type of synthesis | Type of question | ||||
| Infection prevention | ||||||||||
| Vaccination in adults | ||||||||||
| Safety and efficacy of two doses of the same vaccine if two doses are recommended (or a single dose if a single dose is recommended) | 2022-09-14 | 8/9 | No | [BioNTech/Pfizer against variants of concern] BNT162b2 [Pfizer] vaccine may prevent infection from the Omicron variant of concern up to 44 days and may provide limited protection up to 60 days after the second dose; it may also prevent symptomatic infection up to 63 days after the second dose, and may provide limited protection up to 90 days after the second dose (other variants are also included in the report) | No | Rapid review | Benefits and harms | Iorio A, Little J, Linkins L, Abdelkader W, Bennett D, Lavis JN. COVID-19 living evidence synthesis #6 (version 6.41): What is the efficacy and effectiveness of available COVID-19 vaccines in general and specifically for variants of concern? Hamilton: Health Information Research Unit;2022. | ||
| 2022-06-16 | 7/11 | Yes | [BioNTech/Pfizer] Vaccination with the Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine reduces the risk of contracting COVID-19 substantially even after the first dose and it probably reduces the risk of severe COVID-19, whereas its effects on other outcomes are yet to be determined; the incidence of serious adverse events may slightly increase, whereas the incidence of any adverse event substantially increase | Yes (row content last checked on 2023-12-31) | Full review | Benefits and harms | Pan American Health Organization. Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine - Efficacy and effectiveness of the vaccine. Pan American Health Organization.; 2021. | |||
| 2022-06-16 | 8/11 | Yes | [CanSino] Vaccination with CanSino vaccine slightly reduces the risk of contracting COVID-19, and it may reduce the risk of contracting severe COVID-19; it probably does not increase the risk of serious adverse events | Yes (row content last checked on 2023-12-31) | Full review | Benefits and harms | Pan American Health Organization. CanSino COVID-19 vaccine - Efficacy and effectiveness of the vaccine. Pan American Health Organization.; 2021. | |||
| 2022-06-16 | 6/11 | Yes | [CoronaVac/Sinovac vaccine] Vaccination with the CoronaVac/Sinovac vaccine reduces the risk of contracting COVID-19 (even after the first dose) and it probably reduces the risk of severe COVID-19, whereas its effects on other outcomes are yet to be determined; the incidence of serious adverse events probably does not increase, whereas the incidence of any adverse event is higher | Yes (row content last checked on 2023-12-31) | Full review | Benefits and harms | Pan American Health Organization. Sinovac COVID-19 vaccine - Efficacy and effectiveness of the vaccine. Pan American Health Organization.; 2021. | |||
| 2022-09-14 | 8/9 | No | No | Rapid review | Benefits and harms | Iorio A, Little J, Linkins L, Abdelkader W, Bennett D, Lavis JN. COVID-19 living evidence synthesis #6 (version 6.41): What is the efficacy and effectiveness of available COVID-19 vaccines in general and specifically for variants of concern? Hamilton: Health Information Research Unit;2022. | ||||
| 2022-06-16 | 6/9 | Yes | [Covaxin] Vaccination with Covaxin vaccine reduces the risk of contracting COVID-19 while it may reduce the risk of severe disease; it does not increase the risk of severe adverse events | Yes (row content last checked on 2023-12-31) | Full review | Benefits and harms | Pan American Health Organization. Bharat Biotech COVID-19 vaccine - Efficacy and effectiveness of the vaccine. Pan American Health Organization.; 2021. | |||
| 2022-09-14 | 8/9 | No | [Covaxin vaccine against variants of concern] Covaxin/BBV152 vaccine may provide protection against symptomatic infection due to the Delta variant of concern No studies have been found for the Omicron variant of concern | No | Rapid review | Benefits and harms | Iorio A, Little J, Linkins L, Abdelkader W, Bennett D, Lavis JN. COVID-19 living evidence synthesis #6 (version 6.41): What is the efficacy and effectiveness of available COVID-19 vaccines in general and specifically for variants of concern? Hamilton: Health Information Research Unit;2022. | |||
| 2022-06-16 | 6/9 | Yes | [EpiVacCorona] No evidence from phase III randomized controlled trials has been reported to enable an assessment the safety and efficacy of the EpiVacCorona vaccine | Yes (row content last checked on 2023-12-31) | Full review | Benefits and harms | Pan American Health Organization. Vector Institute COVID-19 vaccine - Efficacy and effectiveness of the vaccine. Pan American Health Organization.; 2021. | |||
| 2022-06-16 | 6/11 | Yes | [Gamaleya Research Institute vaccine] Vaccination with the Gamaleya vaccine probably reduces the risk of contracting COVID-19 substantially (even after the first dose) and it may reduce the risk of severe COVID-19, whereas its effects on other outcomes are yet to be determined; the incidence of serious adverse events may not be increased | Yes (row content last checked on 2023-12-31) | Full review | Benefits and harms | Pan American Health Organization. Gamaleya COVID-19 vaccine - Efficacy and effectiveness of the vaccine. Pan American Health Organization.; 2021. | |||
| 2022-09-14 | 8/9 | No | [Johnson & Johnson against variants of concern] Johnson & Johnson/AD26.COV2.S vaccine may provide limited protection from infection from the Omicron variant of concern up to 60 days after the second dose (other variants are also included in the report) | No | Rapid review | Benefits and harms | Iorio A, Little J, Linkins L, Abdelkader W, Bennett D, Lavis JN. COVID-19 living evidence synthesis #6 (version 6.41): What is the efficacy and effectiveness of available COVID-19 vaccines in general and specifically for variants of concern? Hamilton: Health Information Research Unit;2022. | |||
| 2022-06-16 | 6/11 | Yes | [Janssen vaccine] Vaccination with the Janssen vaccine reduces the risk of contracting COVID-19 and moderate to severe COVID-19 infection; it probably does not increase the risk of serious adverse events | Yes (row content last checked on 2023-12-31) | Full review | Benefits and harms | Pan American Health Organization. Janssen COVID-19 vaccine - Efficacy and effectiveness of the vaccine. Pan American Health Organization.; 2021. | |||
| 2022-09-14 | 8/9 | No | [Moderna against variants of concern] mRNA-1273 [Moderna] vaccine may provide limited protection against infection from the Omicron variant up to between 30 and 44 days, 60 and 90 days after the second dose, and it may prevent symptomatic infection from 14-149 days after the second dose (other variants are also included in the report) | No | Rapid review | Benefits and harms | Iorio A, Little J, Linkins L, Abdelkader W, Bennett D, Lavis JN. COVID-19 living evidence synthesis #6 (version 6.41): What is the efficacy and effectiveness of available COVID-19 vaccines in general and specifically for variants of concern? Hamilton: Health Information Research Unit;2022. | |||
| 2022-06-16 | 6/11 | Yes | [ModernaTX vaccine] Vaccination with the ModernaTX vaccine reduces the risk of contracting COVID-19 substantially (but it may reduce this risk with the first dose) and reduces the risk of severe COVID-19, whereas its effects on other outcomes are yet to be determined; the vaccination probably does not increase the incidence of serious adverse events | Yes (row content last checked on 2023-12-31) | Full review | Benefits and harms | Pan American Health Organization. Moderna COVID-19 vaccine - Efficacy and effectiveness of the vaccine. Pan American Health Organization.; 2021. | |||
| 2022-09-14 | 8/9 | No | [Novavax against variants of concern] No studies have been identified evaluating Novavax/NVX-Co2373 vaccine against the Delta variant of concern No studies have been found for the Omicron variant of concern | No | Rapid review | Benefits and harms | Iorio A, Little J, Linkins L, Abdelkader W, Bennett D, Lavis JN. COVID-19 living evidence synthesis #6 (version 6.41): What is the efficacy and effectiveness of available COVID-19 vaccines in general and specifically for variants of concern? Hamilton: Health Information Research Unit;2022. | |||
| 2022-06-16 | 8/11 | Yes | [Novavax] Vaccination with Novavax reduces the risk of contracting COVID-19 and it may reduce severe disease, while it does not increase the frequency of severe adverse events | Yes (row content last checked on 2023-12-31) | Full review | Benefits and harms | Pan American Health Organization. Novavax COVID-19 vaccine - Efficacy and effectiveness of the vaccine. Pan American Health Organization.; 2021. | |||
| 2022-09-14 | 8/9 | No | [Oxford/AstraZeneca against variants of concern] ChAdOx1 [AstraZeneca] vaccine may prevent infection caused by the Omicron variant of concern at up to 60 days after the second dose (other variants are also included in the report) | No | Rapid review | Benefits and harms | Iorio A, Little J, Linkins L, Abdelkader W, Bennett D, Lavis JN. COVID-19 living evidence synthesis #6 (version 6.41): What is the efficacy and effectiveness of available COVID-19 vaccines in general and specifically for variants of concern? Hamilton: Health Information Research Unit;2022. | |||
| 2022-06-16 | 6/11 | Yes | [Oxford/AstraZeneca] Vaccination with the EU Nodes - Oxford/AstraZeneca vaccine reduces the risk of contracting COVID-19 and may reduce the risk of severe COVID-19, whereas its effects on other outcomes are yet to be determined; the vaccination probably does not increase the overall frequency of serious adverse events | Yes (row content last checked on 2023-12-31) | Full review | Benefits and harms | Pan American Health Organization. EU Nodes-AstraZeneca/ Oxford; AstraZeneca/SK BIO; Serum Institute of India COVID-19 vaccine - Efficacy and effectiveness of the vaccine. Pan American Health Organization.; 2021. | |||
| 2023-02-23 | 6/9 | No | [Sinopharm - WIBP] Vaccination with Sinopharm vaccine reduces the risk of getting COVID-19 (including symptomatic COVID-19), while it probably reduces the risk of contracting severe COVID-19; it does not increase the risk of severe adverse events | Yes (row content last checked on 2023-12-31) | Full review | Benefits and harms | Pan American Health Organization. Sinopharm/WIBP COVID-19 vaccine - Efficacy and effectiveness of the vaccine. Pan American Health Organization; 2023. | |||
| 2022-06-16 | 6/9 | Yes | [Zifivax] No evidence from phase III randomized controlled trials has been reported to enable an assessment of the safety and efficacy of the Zifivax vaccine | Yes (row content last checked on 2023-12-31) | Full review | Benefits and harms | Pan American Health Organization. Anhui Zhifei Longcom COVID-19 vaccine - Efficacy and effectiveness of the vaccine. Pan American Health Organization.; 2021. | |||
| 2021-02-08 | 8/11 | No | A review exploring factors influencing the efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines found that type of the vaccine technology (e.g., mRNA versus adenovirus), age, sex and the infection rate in the population did not influence vaccine efficacy | No | Full review | Benefits and harms | Calzetta L, Ritondo BL, Coppola A, Matera MG, Di Daniele N, Rogliani P. Factors influencing the efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines: A quantitative synthesis of phase III trials. Vaccines (Basel). 2021;9(4):341. | |||
| Safety and efficacy of three doses if two doses were recommended before the emergence of variants | 2022-09-14 | 8/9 | Yes | [BioNTech/Pfizer against variants of concern] Three doses of BNT162b2 [Pfizer] vaccine may prevent infection from the Omicron variant of concern up to 30 days after the third dose, it may prevent infection up to 60 days, and it may provide limited protection after 90 days of the third dose; it may also provide strong protection against severe, critical, or fatal disease produced by the Omicron variant of concern (other variants are also included in the report) | No | Rapid review | Benefits and harms | Iorio A, Little J, Linkins L, Abdelkader W, Bennett D, Lavis JN. COVID-19 living evidence synthesis #6 (version 6.41): What is the efficacy and effectiveness of available COVID-19 vaccines in general and specifically for variants of concern? Hamilton: Health Information Research Unit;2022. | ||
| 2022-09-14 | 8/9 | Yes | [BioNTech/Pfizer booster against variants of concern] 1 dose of BNT162b2 [Pfizer] vaccine as a booster of a completed 2 doses of ChadOx1 [AstraZeneca] probably prevent symptomatic infection from the Omicron variant of concern at 14 days after the last dose | No | Rapid review | Benefits and harms | Iorio A, Little J, Linkins L, Abdelkader W, Bennett D, Lavis JN. COVID-19 living evidence synthesis #6 (version 6.41): What is the efficacy and effectiveness of available COVID-19 vaccines in general and specifically for variants of concern? Hamilton: Health Information Research Unit;2022. | |||
| 2022-09-14 | 8/9 | Yes | [BioNTech/Pfizer booster against variants of concern] One dose of BNT162b2 [Pfizer] vaccine as a booster of a completed two-dose course of CoronaVac [Sinovac] may prevent symptomatic infection and severe disease from the Omicron variant of concern eight to 59 days after the last dose | No | Rapid review | Benefits and harms | Iorio A, Little J, Linkins L, Abdelkader W, Bennett D, Lavis JN. COVID-19 living evidence synthesis #6 (version 6.41): What is the efficacy and effectiveness of available COVID-19 vaccines in general and specifically for variants of concern? Hamilton: Health Information Research Unit;2022. | |||
| 2022-09-14 | 8/9 | Yes | [CoronaVac booster against variants of concern] Three doses of CoronaVac [Sinovac] vaccine may not reach the threshold for protection against symptomatic infection produced by the Omicron variant of concern at 30, and 60 days; it may prevent severe disease from the Omicron variant of concern after 90 days after the last dose | No | Rapid review | Benefits and harms | Iorio A, Little J, Linkins L, Abdelkader W, Bennett D, Lavis JN. COVID-19 living evidence synthesis #6 (version 6.41): What is the efficacy and effectiveness of available COVID-19 vaccines in general and specifically for variants of concern? Hamilton: Health Information Research Unit;2022. | |||
| 2022-09-14 | 8/9 | Yes | [Any mRNA vaccine as booster against variants of concern] 1 dose of a mRNA vaccine [Pfizer or Moderna] as a booster of a completed 2 doses of ChadOx1 [AstraZeneca] may prevent symptomatic infection from the Omicron variant of concern at 175 days after the last dose | No | Rapid review | Benefits and harms | Iorio A, Little J, Linkins L, Abdelkader W, Bennett D, Lavis JN. COVID-19 living evidence synthesis #6 (version 6.41): What is the efficacy and effectiveness of available COVID-19 vaccines in general and specifically for variants of concern? Hamilton: Health Information Research Unit;2022. | |||
| 2022-09-14 | 8/9 | Yes | [Moderna against variants of concern] Three doses of Moderna vaccine may prevent infection from the Omicron variant of concern up to 30 days , and up to 60 days after the third dose, and it may prevent severe, critical, and fatal disease death up to 42 days after the third dose (other variants are also included in the report) | No | Rapid review | Benefits and harms | Iorio A, Little J, Linkins L, Abdelkader W, Bennett D, Lavis JN. COVID-19 living evidence synthesis #6 (version 6.41): What is the efficacy and effectiveness of available COVID-19 vaccines in general and specifically for variants of concern? Hamilton: Health Information Research Unit;2022. | |||
| Safety and efficacy of one dose of one vaccine and a second dose of a different vaccine (i.e., mix and match or heterologous prime and boost) | 2022-09-14 | 8/9 | No | [BioNTech/Pfizer or Moderna to complete vaccination scheme started with Astra Zeneca against variants of concern] Vaccinating with Astra Zeneca followed by BioNTech/Pfizer or Moderna vaccine may not fully prevent infection (including symptomatic infection) from the Omicron variant of concern | No | Rapid review | Benefits and harms | Iorio A, Little J, Linkins L, Abdelkader W, Bennett D, Lavis JN. COVID-19 living evidence synthesis #6 (version 6.41): What is the efficacy and effectiveness of available COVID-19 vaccines in general and specifically for variants of concern? Hamilton: Health Information Research Unit;2022. | ||
| 2022-09-14 | 8/9 | Yes | [BioNTech/Pfizer BNT162b2] 3 doses of Pfizer/Comirnaty vaccine may prevent infection from the Omicron variant of concern up to 30 days after the third dose, while it may prevent symptomatic infection from the Omicron variant of concern up to 14 days after the third dose No studies have been found for the Omicron variant of concern | No | Rapid review | Benefits and harms | Iorio A, Little J, Linkins L, Abdelkader W, Bennett D, Lavis JN. COVID-19 living evidence synthesis #6 (version 6.41): What is the efficacy and effectiveness of available COVID-19 vaccines in general and specifically for variants of concern? Hamilton: Health Information Research Unit;2022. | |||
| 2022-09-14 | 8/9 | Yes | [Johnson & Johnson against variants of concern] One dose of Johnson & Johnson/AD26.COV2.S vaccine followed by a second dose of an mRNA vaccine may prevent infection from the Omicron variant of concern at least 7 days after the second dose (other variants are also included in the report) | No | Rapid review | Benefits and harms | Iorio A, Little J, Linkins L, Abdelkader W, Bennett D, Lavis JN. COVID-19 living evidence synthesis #6 (version 6.41): What is the efficacy and effectiveness of available COVID-19 vaccines in general and specifically for variants of concern? Hamilton: Health Information Research Unit;2022. | |||
| Vaccination in children and adolescents | ||||||||||
| Safety and efficacy of two doses of the same vaccine if two doses are recommended (or a single dose if a single dose is recommended) | 2023-03-29 | 8/9 | Yes | [BioNTech/Pfizer against variants of concern] Two doses of BNT162b2 [Pfizer] vaccine may not reach the threshold for protection against infection (including symptomatic infection) from the Omicron variant of concern in children aged 5 to 11 years and they probably may not reach the threshold for protection for infection (including symptomatic and severe infection) from the Omicron variant of concern (including the BA.2 subvariant) in adolescents aged 12 to 17 years; they may prevent MIS-C produced by the Omicron variant of concern (other variants are also included in the report) | Yes (row content last checked on 2023-12-31) | Rapid review | Benefits and harms | Flórez ID, Velásquez-Salazar P, Martínez JC, Linkins L, Abdelkader W, Iorio A, Lavis J, Patiño-Lugo DF. COVID-19 living evidence synthesis #8 (version 22): What is the effectiveness of available COVID-19 vaccines for children and adolescents, including variants of concern? Evidence and Deliberation Unit for Decision Making (UNED), University of Antioquia & Health Information Research Unit (HIRU), McMaster University, 29 March 2023. | ||
| 2023-03-29 | 8/9 | Yes | [CoronaVac/Sinovac vaccine against variants of concern] Two doses of Coronavac/Sinovac vaccine may not reach the threshold for protection against infection from the Omicron variant of concern (including BA.1 and BA.2 subvariants) in children aged 3 to 11 years and adolescents aged 12 to 18 years (other variants are also included in the report) | Yes (row content last checked on 2023-12-31) | Rapid review | Benefits and harms | Flórez ID, Velásquez-Salazar P, Martínez JC, Linkins L, Abdelkader W, Iorio A, Lavis J, Patiño-Lugo DF. COVID-19 living evidence synthesis #8 (version 22): What is the effectiveness of available COVID-19 vaccines for children and adolescents, including variants of concern? Evidence and Deliberation Unit for Decision Making (UNED), University of Antioquia & Health Information Research Unit (HIRU), McMaster University, 29 March 2023. | |||
| 2023-03-29 | 8/9 | Yes | [Moderna vaccine against variants of concern] Two doses of Moderna [mRNA-1723] vaccine may not reach the threshold for protection against infection from the Omicron variant of concern in children aged 0 to 4 years and adolescents aged 12 to 17 years | Yes (row content last checked on 2023-12-31) | Rapid review | Benefits and harms | Flórez ID, Velásquez-Salazar P, Martínez JC, Linkins L, Abdelkader W, Iorio A, Lavis J, Patiño-Lugo DF. COVID-19 living evidence synthesis #8 (version 22): What is the effectiveness of available COVID-19 vaccines for children and adolescents, including variants of concern? Evidence and Deliberation Unit for Decision Making (UNED), University of Antioquia & Health Information Research Unit (HIRU), McMaster University, 29 March 2023. | |||
| Safety and efficacy of three doses if two doses were recommended before the emergence of variants | 2023-03-29 | 8/9 | Yes | [BioNTech/Pfizer against variants of concern] Three doses of BNT162b2 [Pfizer] vaccine may not reach the threshold for protection against infection (including severe infection) from the Omicron variant of concern in adolescents aged 12 to 17 years, while they probably do not reach the threshold for protection against symptomatic infection in adolescents aged 12 to 17 years; they may provide some protection against infection from the BA.2 subvariant (other variants are also included in the report) | Yes (row content last checked on 2023-12-31) | Rapid review | Benefits and harms | Flórez ID, Velásquez-Salazar P, Martínez JC, Linkins L, Abdelkader W, Iorio A, Lavis J, Patiño-Lugo DF. COVID-19 living evidence synthesis #8 (version 22): What is the effectiveness of available COVID-19 vaccines for children and adolescents, including variants of concern? Evidence and Deliberation Unit for Decision Making (UNED), University of Antioquia & Health Information Research Unit (HIRU), McMaster University, 29 March 2023. | ||
| 2023-03-29 | 8/9 | Yes | [CoronaVac/Sinovac vaccine against variants of concern] Three doses of Coronavac/Sinovac vaccine may prevent infection from the BA.2 subvariant in adolescents aged 12 to 18 years (other variants are also included in the report) | Yes (row content last checked on 2023-12-31) | Rapid review | Benefits and harms | Flórez ID, Velásquez-Salazar P, Martínez JC, Linkins L, Abdelkader W, Iorio A, Lavis J, Patiño-Lugo DF. COVID-19 living evidence synthesis #8 (version 22): What is the effectiveness of available COVID-19 vaccines for children and adolescents, including variants of concern? Evidence and Deliberation Unit for Decision Making (UNED), University of Antioquia & Health Information Research Unit (HIRU), McMaster University, 29 March 2023. | |||
| Safety and efficacy of one dose of one vaccine and a second dose of a different vaccine (i.e., mix and match or heterologous prime and boost) | ||||||||||
| Safety and efficacy of one dose if two doses are recommended | 2023-03-29 | 8/9 | Yes | [BioNTech/Pfizer against variants of concern] One dose of BNT162b2 [Pfizer] vaccine may not reach the threshold for protection against infection (including symptomatic and severe infection) from the Omicron variant of concern (including the BA.2 subvariant) in children aged 3 to 11 years and adolescents aged 12 to 17 years (other variants are also included in the report) | Yes (row content last checked on 2023-12-31) | Rapid review | Benefits and harms | Flórez ID, Velásquez-Salazar P, Martínez JC, Linkins L, Abdelkader W, Iorio A, Lavis J, Patiño-Lugo DF. COVID-19 living evidence synthesis #8 (version 22): What is the effectiveness of available COVID-19 vaccines for children and adolescents, including variants of concern? Evidence and Deliberation Unit for Decision Making (UNED), University of Antioquia & Health Information Research Unit (HIRU), McMaster University, 29 March 2023. | ||
| 2023-03-29 | 8/9 | Yes | [CoronaVac/Sinovac vaccine against variants of concern] One dose of Coronavac/Sinovac vaccine may not reach the threshold for protection against infection and ICU admission against the Omicron variant of concern (including the BA.2 subvariant) in children aged 3 to 11 years and adolescents aged 12 to 18 years, while it may not reach the threshold for protection against symptomatic infection from the Omicron variant of concern in children aged 6 to 11 years (other variants are also included in the report) | Yes (row content last checked on 2023-12-31) | Rapid review | Benefits and harms | Flórez ID, Velásquez-Salazar P, Martínez JC, Linkins L, Abdelkader W, Iorio A, Lavis J, Patiño-Lugo DF. COVID-19 living evidence synthesis #8 (version 22): What is the effectiveness of available COVID-19 vaccines for children and adolescents, including variants of concern? Evidence and Deliberation Unit for Decision Making (UNED), University of Antioquia & Health Information Research Unit (HIRU), McMaster University, 29 March 2023. | |||
Drugs used as chemoprophylaxis for COVID-19 are addressed in the clinical management part of the COVID-END inventory of evidence syntheses, given their benefits accrue only at the individual level (not at the population level, as occurs with vaccinations through herd immunity).
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